Younghusband, my knowledge (such as it is) is restricted to NZ gangs. The Time article linked above is a fairly good overview, covering the high-profile Mongrel Mob and Black Power (dominated by Maori and Pacific men), along with mostly-white biker gangs and a proliferation of teenage street gangs. Gang patches and colours are illustrated.

The report about gangs in Dili has detailed info about Timorese gang culture, and I tried to find something similar for Port Moresby without much success. Some Pacific gangs integrate tribal symbols, tattoos and rituals, but LA gang culture really is a huge influence, especially through the export of Pacific gang members from LA (Tongan Crips, Sons of Samoa etc). Hip-hop and gangsta rap along with graffiti art, tagging, break-dancing and so on are probably some of America’s biggest cultural exports and are popular in New Zealand. Some of the biggest hip-hop acts in NZ are of Pacific origin, although they do not advocate violence like the US rappers.

I didn’t mention Australian gangs, but they have been in the news recently as well after a gang member shot three people in the Melbourne CBD. Biker gangs are prominent, as are various ethnic gangs – Lebanese, Vietnamese, Greek etc. It seems that in Australia gangs are very profitable, heavily armed and violent – much more so than in NZ.