In a follow-up to yesterday’s post on interfaith dialogue, I’m very glad to report that Pope Benedict XVI blessed Turkey’s bid to join the European Union, reversing his position of two years ago.


The Pope visits Ataturk’s mausoleum in Ankara.

In truth, some say the Pope was ambushed—Turkey’s prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan met him at the airport and asked him to support Turkey in its attempts to become an EU member. Facing protests and hostile reaction to his visit, the Pope was in no position to pick any more fights. He responded, according to Erdogan, “You know we don’t have a political role, but we wish for Turkey’s entry into the EU.” Even so, the Pope’s change of stance is important for Turkey’s admission, and comes with the Vatican’s announcement last weekend that the cardinals are not against Turkey’s membership bid.

The Vatican’s support, or lack of opposition, is critically important. Opponents cite inherent religious differences as the biggest reason that Turkey should be denied membership. These people say that Turkey, a country 95%+ Muslim, cannot join the EU because all other members states are either Christian or functionally non-religious (and all of which are historically Christian). That the Vatican has changed its stance on this issue will weaken this argument considerably.

There are plenty of reasons to hesitate on Turkey’s membership: it has an enormous and growing population; it would be the largest member state; human rights for women, homosexuals, and the Kurdish and Alevi minorities; and many more issues. But these can all be remedied, whereas religious heritage will never be changed. And there is no reason Turkey’s membership can’t be gradual, such as is happening with Romania and Bulgaria.

What should we to think of the entrance of a Muslim country to the EU? These things are only problems if we think they’re problems. Concerns over separation of church and state and human rights in Turkey shouldn’t be confused with the nation’s Islamic heritage. Years ago there were those who opposed Bulgaria’s membership on the grounds that the EU had only the Latin and Greek alphabets, and Bulgaria’s use of the Cyrillic alphabet made membership incompatible. Bulgaria is now scheduled to be a EU member in one short month, and the Cyrillic issue has since been forgotten. Turkey, if delicately handled by all sides, could have the same legacy.


COMMENTS / 21 COMMENTS

Cultural Exchange goes both ways. Instead of worrying so much about the Turks, Europe should embrace them, smother them. Hold them out as E.U. material and then openly expect them to live up to E.U. Standards. I don’t mean to compare Turkey to the Soviet Union, but using the Helsinki accords against them was a great moral ploy. Yes, a gradual induction would be fine. Right now, the Turks feel like they’re just being strung along as a delaying tactic (and not without some justification). Why should they change for a goal that is constantly moved out of reach?

Meanwhile, the Europeans can try to bring the Turks around to their way of thinking (more secular than it seems) are they can close the door on them and drive them into other camps, or they can make a real attempt at securing their southern borders and make Asia Minor a part of Europe, expanding the core.

ElamBend added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 3:11 am

There is an interesting article in the L.A. Times about the Pope’s visit. According to the article, Turkey doesn’t recognize the Roman Catholic Church… non-Muslim minorities complain of systemic discrimination, harassment and violence against them.

The Roman Catholic Church…functions largely attached to foreign embassies; its priests do not wear their collars in public.

Most Christians in Turkey are of the Armenian, Greek and other Orthodox denominations, and although most of these are recognized in the Turkish Constitution as minority communities, they face severe restrictions on property ownership and cannot build places of worship or run seminaries to train their clerics. Such hardships make it almost impossible for Christians to sustain and expand their communities, advocates say.

Turkey has come under repeated criticism from Western human rights organizations and the Vatican for its failure to promote religious freedom. Turkey is an Islamic but secular country; in reality, this means that all religious activity, including mosques and imams, is controlled by the government.

“Obviously, more needs to be done to promote religious freedom for all denominations,” Ali Bardakoglu, president of Turkey’s powerful Religious Affairs Directorate, said in an interview. But he defended the government’s treatment of minorities, contending that Christians and other non-Muslims do not face serious problems…”It is unfortunate that there are circles within Western society that attempt to blacken the name of our religion and are infected with Islamophobia,” he said. “The role of the Vatican and the pope should be to help fight stereotypes. Rather than open debate, they should be seeking to heal wounds.”

The pope is scheduled to visit St. Sophia, built in the 6th century as a Byzantine church and converted to a mosque in the 15th century by the Ottomans. The mere rumor that the pope might say a prayer at the site has led to a bit of hysteria. Islamic newspaper Milli Gazete, in a front-page commentary last week, lashed out at the government for permitting the “Crusaders” to plan to bless the former church in a brazen attempt to “revive Byzantium.”

Such frictions notwithstanding, Turkey, compared with many Muslim countries, is relatively hospitable to non-Muslims. But its failure to make more progress on freedom-of-religion issues has been an important stumbling block in its years-long campaign to join the European Union. It is EU pressure that has nudged Ankara along in easing some of the restrictions on minorities; for example, a Protestant group in Istanbul has for the first time been allowed to open a church.

“The EU reforms give people a sense of hope that there is light at the end of the tunnel,” said Greek Orthodox Father Alexander Karloutsos. “It’s been very dark here.”

There is a laundry-list of requirements for countries wishing to join the EU. Usually, they must make changes in their laws in conformity with EU laws. Perhaps the EU really doesn’t care much about religious freedom in Turkey, at least the Christian kind. After all, there are not a whole lot of Christians there now. Ironically, some European governments seem to be bending over backwards to accommodate Islam. Yet, it’s big news when a Protestant group is allowed to open a church in Istanbul.

Chief Wiggum added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 3:23 am

The EU doesn’t care as much about religious persecution in Turkey because they don’t really want Turkey in. A lot of the Turkish rules against Christians (particularly the Orthodox) are nationalist, particularly aimed at their old enemy, the Greeks; the last pogrom against them came only in the 1955 Instanbul Pogrom. Turks are extremely wary of Western influence, which to them Christians are one and the same (the irony is amazing). However, as the poll quoted in this Economist article
the rise of Islamist feelings are mostly nationalistic and not overtly religious (i.e. sharia).

I think keeping the door closed upon them only makes their feelings a self-fullfilling prophesy; or, the EU can put them on a real path to membership and make the Turks confront their anti-western paranoia and weigh the benefits. They should atleast be given the option.

ElamBend added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 3:54 am

There is a wave of articles reporting that while Turks self identifying as Muslim have increased in recent years, but only a few of them have mentioned that the number of Turks who would like to see Sharia law has actually decreased by something like 40-50%.

Mutantfrog added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 4:19 am

Sheesh, with all the crazed Muslims already in the EU, you’d think they wouldn’t mind letting the Turkish Muslims in. At least the Turks aren’t lighting everything on fire.

Joe added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 4:38 am

I’m dissapointed. I thought the Pope would stick to his guns. I wanted him to grill Turkey about it’s failure to take responsibility for the Armenian Genocide. Furthermore, since he’s German, I had hoped would ask why millions of Germany’s Turkish “geistarbieten” refuse to assimilate into German culture (many can’t even speak German!).

I don’t think Turkey has done enough to warrant entrance into the EU, and it’s a shame the Pope couldn’t have opened a true dialouge about why this is so. His apology isn’t conciliatory, it’s weak and hypocritical.

Brian added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 7:30 am

Brian: what result would you expect from such a rebuke? Besides self-righteous, feel-good chest-thumping, and a big middle finger from Ankara? You don’t get countries to change with finger-wagging.

Curzon added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 7:51 am

you cannot be serious comparing the difficulties of adapting to cirillic alphabet with those of a muslim country. THE muslim country. It’s not even Bosnia or Albania (of which nobody ever speaks about integrating), it’s the country against Europeans have been fighting since time immemorial.

Yago added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 10:52 am

it’s the country against Europeans have been fighting since time immemorial.

Yago: similar arguments were used as to why France and Germany would never join together and that the European Union was fundamentally flawed: the two countries had spent centuries slaughtering a large proportion of each other’s populations. And across the straits, forget the 100 years war: France and Britain were locked in violent competition for a good 800 years from William the Conqueror to Napoleon. Or the Italians and the Germans, or the Spanish and the British, or the Irish and the English, etc etc etc. Heck, as late as 1989, Thatcher and Mitterand were telling Bush I they had to stop German reunification because a united Germany would dominate the continent and be a threat to all its neighbors. Funny what a few years of peace will do to make everyone forget that one.

I won’t deny there are issues with bringing Turkey into the EU, but I maintain that many of these problems—religion and geography and history in particular—are only problems if we think they’re problems.

Curzon added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 12:03 pm

Don’t underestimate the consternation Cyrillic will cause in Europe. Oddly, paradoxically, the Greek alphabet “fits”, but Cyrillic does not seem to “fit” Europe for some. I love the way Niels Bünemann defends an EU policy from 1994 (you can almost imagine… “But zis vas zee polisy!”)

http://www.euractiv.com/fr/euro/bulgarie-euro-evro/article-159597 ..
” The country has expressed concern over the differences between Bulgaria’s Cyrillic and the EU’s Latin alphabets, in response to renewed European Central Bank (ECB) demands that “Ëœeuro’ be spelled and pronounced with a “Ëœu’ and not a “Ëœv’ as Bulgarians wish (“Ëœevro’).

In attempts to resolve the issue before Bulgaria joins the EU next year, State Administration Minister Nikolay Vassilev is meeting EU council officials in Brussels on 10 November, there to argue that EU regulations already acknowledge the differences between the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, and that the word “Ëœevro’ is already an official part of the Bulgarian language.

ECB spokesman Niels Bünemann told EurActiv: “As regards the rules on the spelling of the euro, the relevant decisions were made by the European Council in December 1995 and later by the EC Council in Council Regulation No. 974/98 on the introduction of the euro. The European Council decided that ‘the name given to the European currency shall be euro’, that ‘the name … must be the same in all the official languages of the European Union, taking into account the existence of different alphabets’. ”

And then…

http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/08/news/eu.php

“SOFIA When Saints Cyril and Methodius gave the Slavic world its first written script, their mission was to draw the Slavs under the influence of Constantinople and away from Rome. A thousand or so years later, Cyrillic is heading west – this time to a united Europe.

With Bulgaria scheduled to enter the European Union along with Romania on Jan. 1, Cyrillic is becoming the bloc’s third official alphabet, after Latin and Greek; by the end of the decade, if Bulgaria succeeds in joining the euro zone, it may even appear on euro banknotes…”

But meanwhile, on the Western Linguistic Front…
http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/1606

... Ze drem of a united urop vil finali kum tru …

von Kaufman-Turkestansky added these pithy words on 29 Nov 06 at 7:01 pm

Is this all for naught?
Could the Turkish military be considering another intervention into politics?

Eddie added these pithy words on 30 Nov 06 at 12:01 am

Cypress also seems to be a problem that the Europeans are using as a sticking point.

elambend added these pithy words on 30 Nov 06 at 12:16 am

I’m with Elam Bend’s first comment – welcome them into the EU, smother them with good will and affection, and expect them to reciprocate – I bet they would!!

Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace added these pithy words on 30 Nov 06 at 2:58 am

If Europe is to expand, then we should invade Istanbul and let god-forsaken Anatolia to the Turks.
I’ve been reading a lot in here about how good and noble the Turkish race is, how civilized they are when compared to those freakish Arabs, but all positive things in its History (Ataturk) were inroads of Western thinking by Western institutions (i.e. freemasonry); and I have serious doubts about the normal Anatolian Turkish countryside being assimilable to us.

I understand that integrating Turkey into Western ways would be a wonderful development, but let’s face it, Europe is mentally not up to the challenge. America may still be confident on the superiority of liberal democracy and all that, but Europe’s official discourse is 100% pure relativism. There’s no way we could win the battle of ideas with those strong-minded turks.

Yago added these pithy words on 30 Nov 06 at 11:16 am

“Those strong-minded turks.”

Good God that’s a loaded comment. Maybe, Yago, you don’t mean to sound like a rascist bigot, but you certainly come on pretty strong. Jokingly suggesting we invade Istanbul doesn’t help, either. If the Turks are strong-willed, are the Chinese good at math and the British good at governance, the Persians “wily Orientals” and the Arabs truly “freakish?”

And consider this: if the Turks were in a stronger position, would it frighten you if they went back to their Pan-Turkic goals of a hundred years ago? The name Enver Pasha might not mean much to you, but he could be a rallying point to bring together a Turkic superstate that could, in theory, stretch from Istanbul to North-Eastern China [the roll call of “turks” I’m thinking of here would be Turks, Azeris, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Uighurs, Manchurians, and if they want to be included, the Tajiks, and maybe even the Mongolians]. I’m a dreamer, but even something as minor as a combination of Azeris, Turkmen, and Turks would effectively double the size and natural resources of Ankara’s influence. Throw in the Uzbeks, Tajiks, and Kazakhs, and then you’ve got Russia renting their cosmodrome from ANKARA.

That thought just puts warm things in my head.

The fact is, if they were as strong-minded as you say, Ataturk wouldn’t have been able to pull off his secular revolution. You wouldn’t be able to find Turkish families where one girl wears the veil, and her older sister swims in a bikini. The fact is, they’re as strong [and weak] minded as the rest of us.

They have a history much more complex than you give them credit for. It would be like saying that Germany’s defining characteristic was the Holocaust – people understand why you say it, but that doesn’t make it true.

Michael Hancock added these pithy words on 30 Nov 06 at 4:38 pm

invading Istanbul was meant as a joke.

And Turks being strong-minded, or at least stronger-minded than today’s Europeans is, well, a fact, but a cultural and sociological fact, not of course racial. Europeans were stronger-minded at WW1. Things have just changed, Europe’s gone soft while Turkey hasn’t to the same extent.
I think it’s obvious I meant it so, why are people so keen to shout “racism” everytime? It’s not a problem of PC, sheesh, just plain common sense and reading comprehension. Chill out.

And I don’t say Ataturks revolution is Turkey’s “defining characteristic”. Is there such a thing in any nation? But of course it’s the starting point of today’s Turkish state, and one of the few things the West finds admirable in its history.

I would be fully supportive of a Pan-Turkic state. I doubt you could call the Mongols or the Manchurians Turkic by any stretch of the meaning, but anyway, a strong central-asian state would check some of Russia’s influence, which is always a good thing.
Just tell me what’s the point of letting them in today’s multi-culti EU.

Yago added these pithy words on 30 Nov 06 at 11:07 pm

A nice summation of the situation, Curzon. I’m all for Turkish membership, for a number of reasons: the carrot of economic benefits that EU membership will bring can spur Turkey to internal reform; it can act as a bridge between Europe and the MENA region in terms of trade and cross-cultural exchange; bringing Turkey in will stop any “EU super-state” plans in their tracks, leading to a much looser confederation. All the above will be much better for Europe, Turkey, and the wider region.

moorethanthis added these pithy words on 01 Dec 06 at 12:44 am

Mongolians and Manchurians might be a stretch, but I’m not the first person to group them with the Turks. Their languages share some linguistic characteristics, and “Turkic-Mongol” describes various people in history. That they have separated themselves in modern times doesn’t mean they have no [recent] common descent. I think the odds are good that the Seljuks and “Blue” Turks looked a lot more like their Mongolian brothers prior to their intermarriage into Persian Central Asia and Byzantine Anatolia.

Anyway, I feel pretty confident that using adjectives to describe any race on the whole is rascist, whether it’s a compliment or an insult. And “strong-minded” is vague enough that it can mean whatever you want. In one context, you might mean they have clear goals and don’t hesitate to meet those goals. In another, you might mean they are stubborn and hesitant to listen to reason. I’m not calling you a rascist – I’m saying you made rascist comments.

I’m far from PC myself. I just like to see accuracy in speech.

Europe has “gone soft?” Turkey hasn’t? You seem to have a good idea of what you mean by this, but it isn’t so self-evident as you think. I have no idea what you mean by that statement.

The Point of letting Turkey into the EU? Well, Turkey is at least partially in Europe and they want to be in the EU. They seem willing to make some changes to their economy and domestic policies, or they wouldn’t be trying to join. If they joined the Euro zone, it would make Europe that much stronger, giving them a direct connection to the Middle-East, which… well, I think that would be a great thing.

I’m more interested in why you think Turkey Should NOT be in the EU.

Michael Hancock added these pithy words on 01 Dec 06 at 4:27 pm

In spite of all the politicking, name-calling, bigotry, recidivism, perverted histories and ignorance, reforms continue apace in Ataturk’s Republic. Avrupastan’s nationalist schizophrenia and Dubya’s blundering in Iraq aren’t making things any easier, but the carrot has been working for a while and continues to do so.

What’s more, the Turks don’t need Europe. Unless external factors prompt fringe fascists to derail the present direction the country is headed, it’ll be the siege of Vienna all over again (albeit economically) in a couple generations, with Europe’s East saving Charlegmagne’s kids from a dynamic Eastern neighbour…

But since we’re name calling——benny boy’s the panzerpappen!

Besiktasli olmak yeter….............

John Brown added these pithy words on 01 Dec 06 at 8:06 pm

yeah, I’m making comparisons of whole countries (not races). Why shouldn’t I? I say Turks have more confidence on their nation and culture than most europeans, are less relativistic and have a greater conscience of national interest. You would never see Turks negotiation which separatist terrorists like Spain is doing right now.

“In one context, you might mean they have clear goals and don’t hesitate to meet those goals. In another, you might mean they are stubborn and hesitant to listen to reason.”
I guess it’s kind of both things. If you deny that a nation can have any characteristic, distinct to others, above the individual level, well, that’s a deep epystemological problem which we’re not gonna solve here.

Look, what we have to have in mind is what the EU is supposed to be, as an organization. It’s the European Union, not the “liberal democracy (or aspiring) union, nor the “greater euro-asiatic free trade zone”, nor “let’s-influence-the-middle-east-so-they-civilize-a-bit) union”.

Would Turkey really be loyal to the EU, to Europe as a whole? Will they become Europe? That’s the question. I, and as far as I know a majority of people in Europe don’t believe so. The French, which are one of the most vocal opponents of it, are being silenced by its political class which is rumored to be getting money from the Turkish government. So go tell. EU politics are so abjectly corrupt anything Brussels tries to make forward is unlikely to be honest or clean. Not a single thing.

Yago added these pithy words on 02 Dec 06 at 4:45 am

Given that the EU has grown too unwieldly for even its (now dead) constitution, has anybody given any thought to what Turkish EU accession means for Europe? Not only as a geopolitical unit (sort of), but also has an idea and culture?

Culture matters. Culture is the reason we saw those tantrums in the wake of the Danish Cartoon scandal, and it’s the reason the Turkish Army (the only civilizing influence on the Turkish state), has to constantly be at the ready to institute a beneficient putsch when things get too out of whack.

Allowing Turkey in would even further warp the soul of Europe, which for the last 1700 years has had seen only Christianity or secularism as the dominant religion.

Smitten Eagle added these pithy words on 06 Dec 06 at 1:58 pm
Return to Top

Pope Benedict blesses Turkey’s EU Bid

Posted on 29 Nov 06 by Curzon. Subscribe to follow comments on this post. Both comments and pings are currently closed.

DISCUSSION / RECENT ACTIVITY

TAGS / TOPICS AND REGIONS